The practices of corporate finance are becoming more challenging than ever before. The last decade has seen fundamental changes in financial markets and financial instruments. In the
early of the 21st century, the world still sees announcements in the financial press about takeovers, junk bonds, financial restructuring, initial public offerings, bankruptcies, and
derivatives. In addition, there are new recognitions of ‘real’ options, private equities and venture capital, bailouts, and credit spreads. As the world has witnessed in recent global
financial crisis and shares markets collapse, the world’s financial markets are more integrated than ever before. Both theory and practice of corporate finance have been moving ahead
with uncommon speed, and therefore students who are trained in the field of financial management and banking must also keep pace.