This course will cover the aspects of natural resources by the ethnic groups worldwide in general. The focus will be on the ethnic groups in Malaysia, specifically in Sabah. Students will learn the existence of various ethnic groups, culture, traditional beliefs and practices, and the connection of natural resources. Students will be given the basic knowledge on ethnobiology with the emphasis on ethnobotany and ethno zoology discipline. This course will also introduce the basic of anthropology and focus to the relevant scientific aspects. Traditional practices that are relevant to conservation biology and environment learned from the ethnic groups will be discussed. This course requires lectures and fieldwork to selected location